french	normalized	kind	english	also	first_page	reason	standard	exceptions
a son ensiant	a son ensiant	phrase	as far as he knew	as far as she knew, for a woman	137	Paris and Ulrich's à son escient: what he knew, not what he meant to do	Paris and Ulrich's Vocabulaire; Godefroy; Merriam-Webster	
a son oes	a son oes	phrase	for himself	for herself, for a woman	46	oes is use or behalf; English says it with the reflexive	Paris and Ulrich's Vocabulaire; Godefroy; Merriam-Webster	
d'ambes pars	d'ambes pars	phrase	on both sides		18	the plain English of Paris and Ulrich's des deux côtés	Paris and Ulrich's Vocabulaire; Godefroy; Merriam-Webster	
dist li contes, dit li contes	dist li contes	phrase	the story says	as the story tells it; the story goes on	1	the narrator's formula, in today's words; a second English so it never comes twice close together	Merriam-Webster; The Chicago Manual of Style, 18th edition; Paris and Ulrich's margin notes	13: the sentence it opens begins on page 13 and is given in English under page 14's marker, which opens the paragraph the French page turns in; 38: ce dit li contes des estoires, Paris and Ulrich's addition, 'so the story of the histories says', where the story is named with its source
en apert	en apert	phrase	openly	in front of everyone, where the text sets it against secrecy	6	one plain adverb; "in the open" reads as outdoors	Paris and Ulrich's Vocabulaire; Godefroy; Merriam-Webster	
en conseil	en conseil	phrase	in private	aside, after a verb of speaking	28	the words mean out of others' hearing, not taking advice, which English "in counsel" would suggest	Paris and Ulrich's Vocabulaire; Godefroy; Merriam-Webster	
en tel maniere que, en tele maniere que	en tel maniere que	phrase	so that	so long as, where it sets a condition (1:80); so, where the result follows at once and so that stands near (1:84)	3	a clause of result; "in such a way that" says in four words what English says in two (the owner's rhythm rule, 3 October 2026, 4:06pm)	Paris and Ulrich's Vocabulaire; Godefroy; Merriam-Webster	101: en tel maniere que tu sés, 'the way you know', a manner the king leaves to Ulfin, not a result; 145: the barons' condition opens a sentence that ends on page 146 and is given in English under page 146's marker, "so long as"
endroit de, d'endroit	endroit de	phrase	as for	as regards, in a formal speech	19	"as for" keeps the turn of the sentence short; "with respect to" is a lawyer's phrase	Paris and Ulrich's Vocabulaire; Godefroy; Merriam-Webster	
entre … et	entre … et	phrase	both … and	X and Y together, where the pair goes or does something as one (s'en ala merlins entre lui et sa mere, 1:30); between … and, where the words name what lies between (entre le ciel et la terre, 1:90)	4	Paris and Ulrich gloss it et … et: the two named act together, so English joins them rather than putting anything between them	Paris and Ulrich's Vocabulaire; Godefroy; Merriam-Webster	20: entre ses bras, 'in her arms', where the et opens the next clause and joins no pair; 22: entre ses bras, 'in her arms', where the et opens the next sentence and joins no pair; 23: the second match, entre ses bras, 'in her arms', where the et opens the next clause; the first, entre li et la damoisiele, is used; 39: entre vous, 'among yourselves', where the et opens the next sentence and joins no pair; 53: entre vous, 'among yourselves', where the et opens the next sentence and joins no pair; 102: entre Urfin et Ygerne, the two parting from each other, where English says they parted; 103: entre ses bras, 'in his arms', where the et opens the next clause and joins no pair; 129: entre le roi et Merlin, the two parting from each other, where English says they parted; 140: entre ses bras, 'in his arms', where the et opens the next clause and joins no pair; 146: entre lour bras, 'in their arms', where the et opens the next clause, and entre ses mains (et), where Paris and Ulrich strike the et
feroit moult boin a, feroit boin a, fait moult boin a, fait boin a	faire boin a	phrase	it would be good to	it's good to, for fait	49	Paris and Ulrich gloss faire a as être à: the sense is what is worth doing, not what is done to anyone	Paris and Ulrich's Vocabulaire; Godefroy; Merriam-Webster	
grant ire ou	grant ire ou	phrase	in his great anger	in her great anger, for a woman; in my great anger, for the speaker; in your great anger, for the one spoken to	5	la grant ire ou il estoit is the possessive in English; "the great anger he was in" spells it out where nobody would (the owner's rhythm rule, 3 October 2026, 4:06pm)	Paris and Ulrich's Vocabulaire; Godefroy; Merriam-Webster	
moult fu iriés, moult fu irés, moult iriés, moult irés, moult iree, moult irie	moult iriés	phrase	furious	very angry; in a rage; livid	1	one feeling, several ways to say it, so it never comes twice close together	Paris and Ulrich's Vocabulaire; Godefroy; Merriam-Webster	83: the sentence naming it ends page 83 and is given in English under page 84's marker, which opens the paragraph the French page turns in
naistre de feme, nés de feme, nasqui de feme	naistre de feme	phrase	born from a woman	born to a woman; a woman's child	1	a second English, so it never comes twice close together	Paris and Ulrich's Vocabulaire; Godefroy; Merriam-Webster	
nostre sires, nostre signour, nostre signeur, nostre seigneur, nostre segnour, nostre seignour, nostre signor	nostre sires	phrase	our Lord		1	the Christian name for Christ and God that a modern reader knows; "our lord" in lower case would read as a feudal master	Merriam-Webster; The Chicago Manual of Style, 18th edition; Paris and Ulrich's margin notes	54: tant comme a nostre signour, the clerks' address to Vortigern, 'as our lord', the king and not God, so lower case
saint esperit	saint esperit	phrase	Holy Spirit		2	the name modern English churches use; "Holy Ghost" is the older form and reads as archaic	Merriam-Webster; The Chicago Manual of Style, 18th edition; Paris and Ulrich's margin notes	
sainte eglyse, sainte eglise	sainte eglyse	phrase	the Church	the Church's teaching, where its rules are meant	10	"Holy Church" is old idiom; the Church, as people say it now	Merriam-Webster; The Chicago Manual of Style, 18th edition; Paris and Ulrich's margin notes	28: the sentence naming it begins on page 28 and is given in English under page 29's marker, which opens the sentence the French page turns in; 88: the second, the Church founded in this island, said under page 89's marker, which opens the paragraph the French page turns in
demi pié	demi pié	phrase	half a foot		135	the French's own measure in US feet, as loosely as the French gives it, by /translate step 8	Paris and Ulrich's Vocabulaire; Godefroy; Merriam-Webster	
maladie de goute	maladie de goute	phrase	gout		127	the disease of the joints, here in hands and feet; goute alone is "a drop" (1:54), so the row holds the whole phrase	Paris and Ulrich's Vocabulaire; Godefroy; Merriam-Webster	
saint Martin	saint martin	phrase	Saint Martin's Day		132	the feast of November 11; "Martinmas" is old	Paris and Ulrich's Vocabulaire; Godefroy; Merriam-Webster; The Chicago Manual of Style, 18th edition	
jour de l'an	jour de l'an	phrase	New Year's Day		137	January 1, by its everyday name	Paris and Ulrich's Vocabulaire; Godefroy; Merriam-Webster	
pour bien	pour bien	phrase	for a good purpose	good, of a thing asked in good faith, as what Uther may ask of Lot (1:119)	119	"for good" reads as "forever"; the phrase means to a good end, and says it, by the owner's note of 4 October 2026, 2:31pm and the cold read of "Readable first"	Merriam-Webster, for good; Godefroy, bien	
gieterent leur sort	jeter son sort	phrase	read the stars	looked to the stars, a second use on one page	45	the clerks' divining, the art the text calls astronomy (1:39); "cast lots" calls up the soldiers at the cross and "their art" is old, by the owner's note of 4 October 2026, 5:23pm	Paris and Ulrich's Vocabulaire; Godefroy; Merriam-Webster
je vous sui pleges	je sui pleges	phrase	I promise you		80	the speaker standing guarantee for what they say; today's way of saying it, never "I pledge you", by the owner's note of 4 October 2026, 5:52pm	Paris and Ulrich's Vocabulaire; Godefroy; Merriam-Webster
son homme, mi homme	son homme	phrase	his own men	one of his own men, of one man (1:105); my own men, said by the lord (1:127); my own people, to a lord's advisers (1:117)	105	a lord's sworn man; said as the people, never "vassal", by the owner's note of 4 October 2026, 5:52pm	Paris and Ulrich's Vocabulaire; Godefroy; Merriam-Webster
anui destorner	anui destorner	phrase	spare you trouble	spare him trouble, of anyone else	70	destorner, to turn aside, with a misfortune as its object; "turn your trouble aside" is the French word for word and reads as the King James Bible, by the owner's note of 5 October 2026, 11:47am	Paris and Ulrich's Vocabulaire; Godefroy; Merriam-Webster
sachiés que, saches que, saces que, saciés que, sachés que, saichiés que, sachiés bien que, saches bien que, sachiés de voir que	sachiés que	phrase	I want you to know	you can be sure; believe me; I promise you; you should know; remember, where it recalls an order; the truth is, where it opens a revelation	14	the speaker's call to listen; a bare "Know that" or "Know this:" is the French word for word and reads as scripture, by the owner's note of 5 October 2026, 11:56am	Paris and Ulrich's Vocabulaire; Godefroy; Merriam-Webster	50: je voel bien que vous le saciés, "I'm happy to tell you", not the call to listen; 88: the sentence it opens runs onto page 89, whose English says it; 98: the sentence it opens runs onto page 99, whose English says it; 103: sachiés bien is a verb in its clause, "not so foolish as not to know", not the call to listen
se Dieu plaist, se Diu plaist, se Dieu plait	se dieu plaist	phrase	God willing		15	the plain wish; "if it pleases God" is the French word for word, by the owner's note of 5 October 2026, 11:56am	Paris and Ulrich's Vocabulaire; Godefroy; Merriam-Webster
biau frere, biaus frere	biau frere	phrase	dear brother	my boy, to a boy who isn't one's brother	74	between brothers the warm address it is; said to anyone else, "brother" reads as a monk's greeting, by the owner's note of 5 October 2026, 11:56am	Paris and Ulrich's Vocabulaire; Godefroy; Merriam-Webster	76: Pendragon's two addresses to Uther, said as his name and left out where the speech runs on
par la foi que	par la foi que	phrase	I swear	as you're bound to me, of the loyalty a man owes his lord	71	an oath said as people say one now; "by the faith I owe you" is the French word for word, by the owner's note of 5 October 2026, 11:56am	Paris and Ulrich's Vocabulaire; Godefroy; Merriam-Webster